Throughout the second half of the 20th century academic freedom has developed in many societies into a widely acknowledged and legally protected fundamental value of academia. This coincided with the recognition of academic freedom as a prerequisite for well-functioning open and democratic societies that adhere to the rule of law. An important condition for this role of academic freedom to be realized is that academics use it to acquire, generate and apply knowledge in ways that are essential for their societies.

Capacity, access, data quality, and ethical issues must be addressed for global adoption of genomic surveillance, highlight Dr Stephen A Morse of IHRC Inc, USA, and Dr Segaran P Pillai of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

Frederico Guanais at the Health Division of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) explains why we need to leverage synergies across policy domains to promote both environmental sustainability and public health.

In democratic societies, policymakers and technocrats are entrusted with promoting the well-being of the public they serve. Despite the consensus that public health is an essential component of social well-being, investments in this area are often seen sidelined in favor of other sectors reflecting a fragmented approach to policymaking.

Giriraj Amarnath from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Sri Lanka, discusses policy considerations for secure, equitable digital Twin Earths that proactively build resilience to extreme weather events.

The author Mark Twain supposedly said that “history does not repeat itself but it rhymes.” And with respect to support for AI research, a number of recent actions by the US government appear to rhyme with similar actions it took in the 1980s, when it recommended (and ultimately implemented) significant support for supercomputing-based research.

In an era where data drives decision-making, the accessibility of data for public interest purposes has never been more crucial. Whether shaping public policy, responding to disasters, or empowering research, data plays a pivotal role in our understanding of complex social, environmental, and economic issues.

Historically universities have played a unique role in society. As institutions they are inimitably placed to bring insight and capabilities from across a broad range of disciplines to contribute significantly to their locale, and to the world’s largest and most significant and impactful challenges - whether that is environmental sustainability transforming healthcare and education, or building a future that is more equitable. Universities are distinct from other sectors (even those that undertake research and learning activities), in the way that they can explore topics, make discoveries and offer perspectives and insight in the immediate and longer term.

Open science, in particular the open access publishing of research and the widespread sharing of data, have been depicted as key to combatting the COVID-19 pandemic – not least in the unprecedented speed with which vaccines were developed. However, there is little empirical evidence to back those assertions.

With a new study titled “Open Science – Crucial for effective COVID research?” I sought to explore whether, and to what extent, open science practices influenced the speed of COVID research. I ran a literature review, surveyed more than 200 COVID researchers, and held qualitative interviews with six scientists.

This year’s COP28 was a pivotal moment for the world to unite around tangible climate action and deliver realistic solutions.

Frontiers and the Frontiers Research Foundation organized several complementary panel sessions around open science and pathways towards innovative, sustainable solutions and actions featuring prominent experts and decision makers from policy, academia, and industry.

The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) took place in Dubai, United Arab Emirates from 30 November to 12 December 2023. The gathering marked a critical moment for global transformative climate action as world leaders negotiated and agreed action on how to tackle climate change, limit emissions, and halt global warming.

Open science platform Frontiers and the Frontiers Research Foundation participated in COP28 to ascertain the undeniable power of open science and advance the mission to make science open so that scientists can collaborate better and innovate faster to deliver the solutions that enable healthy lives on a healthy planet.

The Falling Walls Science Summit took place from 7 to 9 November in Berlin, Germany, marking its 15th edition. Falling Walls is a leading international, interdisciplinary, and cross-sectoral forum for science discovery and scientific dialogue among leading scientists and society worldwide. The annual event serves as a catalyst for innovation, fostering interdisciplinary dialogue, and promoting breakthrough thinking.

Frontiers and the Frontiers Research Foundation, in collaboration with the Falling Walls Foundation, organized two complementary sessions around the climate crisis and planetary boundary science, respectively

International climate change and human rights lawyer, Tessa Khan, and policy advisor, Brook Dambacher, are calling for a rapid and just transition away from oil, gas and coal.

To foster the discussion on AI and academic, Frontiers Policy Labs and Frontiers’ publishing development department organized a live multidisciplinary panel session in October. The event featured distinguished academics from various fields of research, who are recognized for their knowledge and implementation of AI systems in their respective areas. Mathieu Denis, head of the Centre for Science Futures at the International Science Council, moderated the discussion.

In June, the World Economic Forum (WEF) and Frontiers unveiled the eagerly awaited Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 2023 report, marking its 11th edition. This annual report, created in collaboration with Frontiers, spotlights revolutionary technologies poised to make a positive global impact. Read by business leaders, innovators, and policymakers, it has historically predicted game-changers like CRISPR and mRNA. Since its June release, the report has attracted substantial attention, with 750+ citations in global media, 50,000 online views, and 20,000 downloads. In September, WEF and Frontiers hosted a dynamic panel discussion led by Dr. Fred Fenter, delving into key insights on these technologies' implications, especially Artificial Intelligence (AI), spanning policy, governance, and societal influence. Experts shed light on the opportunities and challenges these technologies present.

The large language model (LLM) tools we see today are essentially using a form of advanced autocompletion based on massive input, which is potentially itself of questionable validity. The infamous ‘hallucinations’ we see being produced are at least in part a result of poor inputs as well as of a lack of validated conceptual models to constrain the LLM’s algorithms and output. Attempts to regulate these tools, and the concomitant hype, may only play into the commercial interests of their creators.

The ‘blind’ use of computational models to analyze anything (data or information), without the proper underpinning of conceptual modelling (data and algorithms), is dangerous and leads to all kinds of meaningless extrapolations, including the famous ‘hallucinations’ of LLM outputs.

There is an essential distinction that needs to be made between science and science systems. It may seem semantic, but it is not. When we conflate these words, we risk undermining the place of science. We live in a world where trust in science appears less certain, where science denial has become an ideological badge, where science is undermined by disinformation. Its position relative to other knowledge systems can be questioned and debated.

This article is a response from a developing country researcher. It supports the current advancement and opportunities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) but seeks cautionary measures before it is too late.